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參考資料：

[1]Ronald A. Smith, Sports & Freedom (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988) pp.14-15

[2]Ilana Gordon, Way before Walkouts was the Great Butter Rebellion, Medium, Feb. 8, 2017. https://medium.com/dose/way-before-walkouts-was-the-great-butter-rebellion-3e010b34c6bb

[3]Christopher J. Lucas, American Higher Education, A History, 2nd ed. (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2006) pp.129-131

[4]Smith, pp.4-6

[5]Smith, p.7

[6]Smith, pp.27-29

[7]Smith, p.46

[8]Lucas, p.183

[9]Smith, pp.69-71

[10]Cfl.ca (加拿大橄欖球聯(lián)會), Birth of North American Football: 137 Years, May 15, 2011, https://www.cfl.ca/2011/05/15/birth-of-north-american-football-137-years/

[11]Smith, pp.76-77

[12]Mark F. Bernstein, Football: The Ivy League Origins of an American Obsession (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001) p. 12

[13]Smith, pp.78-80

[14]Smith, p.36; p.45

[15]George F. Will, The irresistible force of college football, Washington Post, Nov. 9, 2011. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-irresistible-force-of-college-football/2011/11/09/gIQAxqBe6M_story.html

[16]Smith, pp.63-65

[17]Smith, p.81

[18]Clarence Long, Bulletin of the American Association of University Professors (1915-1955), Winter, 1952/1953, Vol. 38, No. 4 (Winter, 1952/1953), pp. 577-588

[19]David Dayen, How Teddy Roosevelt Saved Football, Politico, Sept. 20, 2014. https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2014/09/teddy-roosevelt-saved-football-111146

[20]Smith, p.89; p.92

[21]J. Karabel, The Chosen: The Hidden History of Admission and Exclusion at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2005) p.18

[22]Smith, pp.95-98

[23]Nicholas Lemann, The Big Test (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1999) pp.14-15

[24]Frederick Rudolph, The American College and University (Athens, Georgia: The University of Georgia Press, 1961) p.377

[25]Christopher Klein, How Teddy Roosevelt Saved Football, History, Sept. 6, 2012. https://www.history.com/news/how-teddy-roosevelt-saved-football

[26]Smith, p.195

[27]Smith, pp.198-206

[28]Karabel, p.43

[29]John R. Thelin, A History of American Higher Education (Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press, 2004) p.238

[30]Smith, pp.97-98

[31]Mitchell L. Stevens, Creating a Class: College Admissions and the Education of Elites (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2007) p.246

[32]Karabel, p.17

[33]Karabel, p.22

[34]Lucas, pp.183-185

[35]Parke H. Davis, WOODROW WILSON COACHED PRINCETON'S FIRST FOOTBALL TEAM, SAYS HISTORIAN, The Harvard Crimson, Nov. 8, 1924. https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1924/11/8/woodrow-wilson-coached-princetons-first-football/

[36]Luke Pichini, The Evolution of Ivy League Football, The Cornell Daily Sun, Oct. 7, 2020. https://cornellsun.com/2020/10/07/the-evolution-of-ivy-league-football/

[37]Milton Mayer, Robert Maynard Hutchins: a Memoir (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1993) pp.139-140  https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft4w10061d&chunk.id=d0e2262&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e1435&brand=ucpress

[38]Roberts M. Hutchins, Gate Receipts and Glory, Saturday Evening Post. 12/3/1938, Vol. 211 Issue 23, p23-77.

[39]Richard Rhodes, The making of atomic bomb (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986) p.401

[40]Karabel, pp.253-254

[41]Ethan Bronner, Winds of Academic Change Rustle University of Chicago, New York Times, Dec. 28, 1998. https://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/28/us/winds-of-academic-change-rustle-university-of-chicago.html

[42]Robert M. Hutchins, College Football is an Infernal Nuisance. Sports Illustrated, Oct. 18, 1954. Archived at https://vault.si.com/vault/1954/10/18/college-football-is-an-infernal-nuisance

[43]Laura McKenna, The Madness of College Basketball Coaches’ Salaries, The Atlantic, March 24, 2016. https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/03/the-madness-of-college-basketball-coaches-salaries/475146/

[44]參見 https://sports.usatoday.com/ncaa/salaries/

[45]參見http://projects.dailycal.org/paychecker/ 與 https://sports.usatoday.com/ncaa/salaries/football/assistant

[46]Lemann, p.125

[47]Smith, p.215

[48]搜索grade or gpa inflation, 或參看 https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/09/opinion/why-grade-inflation-is-serious.html

[49]William G. Bowen and Sarah A. Levin, Reclaiming the Game: College Sports and Educational Values (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003) pp.57-62

[50]Daniel Golden, The Price of Admission (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2005) Chap. 5

[51]Joseph A. Soares, The Power of Privilege: Yale and America's Elite Colleges (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2007) p.3

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